Teen Pregnancy And Its Effects On The United States

Each year around 90,000 adolescents become pregnant in the United States. Around 51% of adolescents pregnancies end in live births, 35% end up in induced abortions, and 14% result in miscarriage or stillbirth (Frick, 2007). Historically, the highest teen pregnancy rates in the United States were during the 1950’s and 1960’s before the legalization of abortion and the development of many the current forms of contraception(Frick, 2007). Rates enlarged steadily until 1991; since then, the birth rate among teenagers has decreased 35% for 15-17 year olds(Frick, 2007). Three in 10 teen American girls will get pregnant at least once before age 20. That is nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies every year. In 2013, there were 26.6 births for every 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 274,641 babies born to females in this age group. To prevent teen pregnancy, we should teach them abstinence, safe sex by using protection, and communication skills to discuss prevention from peer pres sure. Pregnant teens face high risks of medical complications as well as disruption in family life and education(Frick, 2007). Teenage girls usually lack the emotional maturity to deal with pregnancy. Choosing to keep the child, deliver it up for adoption, or opt for abortion also adds stress to the family(Frick, 2007).Adolescents who receive information on abstinence and participate in virginity pledge programs have improved outcomes as adults(Frick, 2007). Most participate in less risky behaviors, haveShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy Effects On The United States1922 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Adolescent pregnancy is a widely researched and debated topic in psychology. Teen pregnancy rates in the United States have dropped significantly over the last two decades from 6.2% in 1990 to 2.7% in 2013, a 56% decrease, for women aged 15-19. Despite the sharp decline, concerns about the consequences of adolescent childbearing have not decreased. While evidence suggests that giving birth as a teenager is often associated with economic hardships, numerous researchers argue that theseRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On The United States2305 Words   |  10 PagesTeen Pregnancy and the Link to Poverty in the U.S. with A Focus on Western Ma Especially Holyoke and Springfield Mass In the 1950s, the frequency of teenage births in the United States was already high, and since that, time has decreased, although the number of births outside marriage has increased. Thus, in 1990 the rate was 61.8 births, pregnancy rate - 116.9 per 1,000. The incidence of teenage pregnancy has decreased significantly in the 1990s. This decline is observed in all racial groups, butRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Should Be Pregnant Before The Age Of Twenty1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States has the highest teen birth rate in the world, every year the United States experiences 610,000 teen pregnancies (Bleakly 2006). The figures show that three in ten adolescent girls will become pregnant before the age of twenty. People ages 15-24 represent 25 eighteen 70 percent of United States females, and 62 percent of males have had sex. About 3.2 million adolescent females are infected with the most common STI’s, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea (Bleakly 2006). The likelihoodRead MoreTee n Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy1551 Words   |  7 PagesTeen pregnancy is something that affects over one million young teens in the United States. For some, these pregnancies are planned but 85% of these teens the pregnancy is unplanned. This can cause a lot of endless problems in the life of the teen and the newborn child. There are a lot of things that can cause an unplanned teen pregnancy, such as teens experimenting with sexual encounters at a young age. Another major cause is the lack of guidance due to guardians that are blind or do not want toRead MoreThe Problem Of Teenage Pregnancy1720 Words   |  7 Pages Like Amy and Loeber (2009), when it comes to the ecological paradigm of teenage pregnancy, Corcoran, Franklin, and Bennett (2000) also believe one’s socioeconomic status is a huge factor that contributes to this problem. A person’s socioeconomic status a lot of times determines â€Å"education, expanded family size, single-parent household structure, and lessened resources in terms of employment and income.† These three authors claim that educational performance and goals â€Å"dictate the potential costsRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Its Effect On Children855 Words   |  4 PagesTeen pregnancy has been an ongoing social issue in the United States for many of years. Although the rate of teen pregnancy has decreased since the 90s, the United States is still the highest among industrialized nations. The US ranks at one and a half times higher than Great Britain, three times higher than Canada, seven times higher than Denmark and Sweden, and eight times higher than Japan (Azar 1). Society considers teenage pregnancies a problem because they believe teenagers are not emotionallyRead MoreThe Importance of Comprehensive Sex Education to Decrease Teen Pregnancies894 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States today, many teenage girls are facing lots of problems. New problems are rising such as an increased pregnancy rate among teenagers. Our teenage girls are less developed and unprepared for the problems which come along with their decision to have sex. It is also too early for teenage girls to become pregnant. Many teens think having a baby is some sort of joke. They believe it will never happen to them but the reality is that every time teens have sex, there is a possibilityRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Public Perception1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this chapter is to provide a literature review of teen pregnancy and public perception. The chapter will begin by examining the decrease of teen pregnancy in America. It will transition to understanding the emotional effects on teen mothers and depict how a pregnant teen’s life could be altered. It will conclude by discussing how the topic of teen pregnancy has caused the President of the United States to take a closer look. This chapter will end with a summary of my research findingsRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Rates Among Ethnicities1059 Words   |  5 Pages Teen Pregnancy Rates Among Ethnicities Dr. Maria Reid Florida International University Friday, June 17, 2016 Vanessa Romano Stephanie Maquieira Teenage pregnancy has been viewed as an issue for many years, not only for teenage mothers but for babies as well. Much importance has been placed on this subject for the reason that although these rates are declining, they remain elevated. The United States represents over 600,000 American teen pregnancies every year, making this the highestRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a huge problem that the United States faces today. Amongst other countries the United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy (Ayadi, Kuo, Adams Gavin, 2010; Minnick Shandler, 2011). In the year 2015 the Center for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) reported that the birth rate was twenty two point three per thousand for young women ages 15-19 (2015). It also stated that of births to single women were to teenage mothers in 2009 (Ayadi et al., 2010). 14 million babies

The Theory Of Human Matter - 1179 Words

Humans, being made of flesh, bone, and sinew, as a whole are consider material objects. This is concept of human matter is normally referred to as the body. However, unlike other nonconscious objects made of matter, humans have a somewhat unique ability to create abstract opinions and thoughts. At this time we are the only species to have the ability formulate explanations for our own existence. Essentially stating that, we humans have minds . The two general aspects that make up the thing we call human are thought to be a mind and body. The brain and the mind are often mistakenly identified as one in the same. When we talk about the mind in a philosophical sense we are referring to the mental processes that make up you: your thoughts, beliefs and consciousness; the body, however, is the physical aspect of thought. It is the brain, the firing of neurons, and how the brain is organized. This is idea of a separation of mind and body is known as dualism. It’s opposing belief, m onism, is a more scientific view of the mind body problem in that they rely commonly on only what they can observe in the body being that they believe that the body and mind are one. I don’t discredit the work and possibility of the existence of the monist view, I simply am an optimistic and found the dualist approach more appealing in approaching the mind body problem. The theory of mind-body dualism created by Rene Descartes, a famous philosopher and mathematician, stated that both mind and body areShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of Human Development774 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Human development are relevant and matter in the â€Å"real world†. In my clinical practice as a psychologist-in-training, I have found human development theories to be very useful in conceptualizing and understanding my client’s distress. I used theoretical frameworks that are based on theories of human development to guide my interventions in therapy. For example, as a brief psychodynamic clinician, I look to Freud’s theory of anxiety to understand how distress was developed for my clientsRead MoreThe Book Brave New World 1481 Words   |  6 PagesAldous Leonard Huxley, there are many topics covered about the world, freedom, and men. One of the topics discussed is the theory of evolution. There are many arguments presented about how the world and people evolved. There are different arguments created by creationists and evolutionists. For the creationists, everything is created by a creator such as God and that matter was formed by him to create the earth and even people on earth as well as other creatures in the universe. On the other handRead MoreMargaret Cavendish And The Scientific Revolution1115 Words   |  5 Pagesher own theory on atoms. Though her atomic theory contains many scientific Renaissance ideals, it is still seen as a major contribution of thought during the Scientific Revolution. 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When we think of science, we think of Biology, Chemistry and Physics. Psychology is often thought of as just ‘common sense’, however many of the perspectives in Psychology such as Biological, Behaviourist and Cognitive assert that they are scientific. There are other perspectives in Psychology such as Psychodynamic theory and HumanistRead MoreDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of a scientific approach to the study of society.1607 Words   |  7 PagesScientific approaches to understanding the world can be distinguished from other approaches in two fundamental and irrelevant ways, firstly, an approach that claim to be scientific irrespective of whether or not it originates in the field of natural or human scien ce must demonstrably have empirical relevance to the world. Empirical relevance involves showing that any statements, descriptions and explanations used or derived from this approach can be verified or checked out in the world and secondly, anRead MoreEssay on The Identity Theory529 Words   |  3 PagesThe Identity Theory #65279; Mental processes are physical is equivalent to what is coined The Identity Theory. Smarts theses is that mental events are identical to brain processes. The definition of neurophysiological is to say the science of neurons dealing with living matter such as the brain. Smart discounts Cartesian Dualism that depicts the mind as a separate entity than the physical body. In addition, Smarts theory is a posteriori claim, which is to say that through an observationRead MoreAbsolute Realism Vs. 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Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1448 Words

‘â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view-†¦-until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Lee 33). Said by Atticus Finch, this is perhaps the most important line from the book because it makes Scout Finch become who she becomes. Throughout the plot of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Scout Finch’s views and understanding of the society that surrounds her changes very drastically. Her understanding of the good and evil in society evolves the most, due to the teachings of Atticus Finch. In the beginning of the book, Scout Finch was what every child once was; innocent and simple. As the book progressed, she became aware that life was a complex and confusing world, and she struggled to†¦show more content†¦This included Scout Finch, and since she did not have her own views of him when she was still a child, she believed he was evil. As she became older, she developed her own thoughts on Arthur Radley, and started to consider things from his perspective. In this particular scene when Jem and Scout Finch are walking together, she remarks, â€Å"’Boo doesn’t mean anybody any harm, but I’m right glad you’re along†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Lee 292). This showed how much Scout Finch had matured and developed her own opinions. She was defending the man whom she feared years ago, dismissing all of the former thoughts about him. Later in time, Arthur Radley shows up at the Finch household, after saving Scout and Jem Finch. â€Å"I took him by the hand, a hand surprisingly warm for its whiteness. I tugged him a little, and he allowed me to lead him to Jem’s bed† (Lee 319). This is significant because not only had Scout Finch been able to touch Arthur Radley, but she trusted him with her brother. Scout Finch’s transition to a matured version of herself allowed her to see Arthur Radley for who he really was. There was more than one oc casion where Scout Finch showed her maturity. Another time was with Cecil Jacobs, a school bully. He had told everyone in the school yard that Atticus Finch defended African Americans, which angered her. â€Å"My fists were clenched and I was ready to let fly† (Lee 85). The Scout Finch

Prescriptive Analytics Descriptive Analytics - 1262 Words

Prescriptive Analytics Prescriptive Analytics has been hailed as the final piece of the business analytics (BA) puzzle. It starts with descriptive analytics - describing what HAS happened and why; next is predictive analytics - forecasting what MIGHT happen; Prescriptive Analytics aims to offer insight into what ACTIONS to take next, suggesting the best course of action among available choices. If your organization has yet to formulate a plan to utilize Prescriptive Analytics in your business intelligence systems, don t feel left out - yet. According to a recent Gartner study, only 3% of organizations are using it currently. However, that percentage is expected to grow rapidly. Organizations taking advantage of the impacts that Prescriptive Analytics offers will enjoy a distinct advantage in their industry. Building a Prescriptive Analytics Model Prescriptive Analytics is very process-intensive. Historical data, business rule algorithms, computational modeling techniques, constraints and variables, and machine learning algorithms are combined to prescribe optimum business outcomes. For best results, a combination of structured and unstructured data sets should be used. Advancements in computing power, along with the development of our sophisticated mathematical algorithms, make Prescriptive Analytics available today. Some of the methods used in Prescriptive Analytics include optimization, simulation, game theory and decision-analysis techniques. Where canShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Analysis : Prescriptive Analytics1218 Words   |  5 PagesPrescriptive analytics provides the instruction of what to do – and—just as importantly – —what not to do when analytical models are deployed into production environments. 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Michael Porters Strategy Free Essays

Michael Porters Strategy Michael Porter is the University Professor (the highest honor in Harvard University) in Harvard Business School. He is acknowledged as the father of competitive strategy. He has two main theoretical perspectives; one is â€Å"the five forces model of competition†, and the other one is just the â€Å"three competition strategies† (Michael Porters Strategy). We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Porters Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three competition strategies are cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and segmentation strategy. These strategies are used for people to achieve, maintain and even increase their competitiveness of their business. Porter thought that the purpose of these strategies is to make the business of the enterprises better than their competitors: some of the enterprises can gain higher revenue in some industries; however, in some other industries, the success of one of the strategies may just give the enterprise a little bit profit. Porter also said that the possibility could be very low that the basic goal of an enterprise may be more than one. Because enterprises need to try their best to achieve one strategy and they also need organizational arrangement to support the strategy. If the enterprise has more than one goal, these resources will be dispersed. Cost leadership strategy. This strategy asks the enterprises to establish efficient production line, decrease the cost on the basis of their experience, and control the cost of management and production cost, so as to reduce the costs of RD (research and development), service, marketing, advertising, etc. In order to reach these goals, management need to be highly concentrated. If the enterprise has low cost, it means that this enterprise can earn more value when other enterprises lose profit in competition. Enterprises need to obtain high relative market share or other strength, such as good communication with raw material suppliers, to get the good status of the lowest total cost. This status is very attractive; because once an enterprise wins the status, they can get higher marginal profit, as well as invest to new equipment and modern equipment to keep their leading position of cost. This kind of re-invest is the precondition of keeping the condition of low cost. Differentiation strategy. Differentiation strategy is to make the products or service differently to make them special. There are many ways to achieve this strategy: design the brand image, make technic unique, perform distinctive, provide customer service, build business network and make other aspect unique. The best way is that the enterprise has many differentiation characters. If this strategy implemented well, it can make the enterprise get high level of profit. Porter thought that building differentiation strategy means that the enterprise needs to think clearly because of the exclusiveness of it. The strategy cannot stay with increasing market share. Enterprises need to spend high cost when establishing this strategy. Though clients know clearly about the special strength of the enterprise, they may not have the ability or they are not willing to pay for the high cost the enterprises asked them to pay. Segmentation strategy. This strategy focuses on a special client group, or a small area of the production line or a special market. Segmentation strategy focuses on better service a special target, while the other two strategies focus on the whole industry. The precondition of this strategy is that the business of the enterprise can provide better service and higher efficiency to its special strategic target, so as to exceed other competitors in broader area. Porter said that this strategy could both achieve differentiation and low cost. However, this strategy means that the market share is limited. Segmentation strategy cannot increase both profit rate and the amount of sales. Porter indicated that enterprises need to make sure about the three strategies and they should make a fundamental strategic decision to close up to the three strategies, but not hesitate at the crosswords. Once the enterprise does not make the decision, they will spend much money and time. Using these strategies one by one will be failed, cause the requirement of them are totally different. Baike, 2013, â€Å"Michael Porter†, Biaduoedia, viewed at March 12th 2013, http://baike. baidu. com/view/431563. htm Wiki, 2013, â€Å"Porter’s generic etrategy†, wiki article, viewed at March 12th 2013, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Porter’s_generic_strategies; How to cite Michael Porters Strategy, Essay examples

Business Law Annetts v Australian Stations †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Law Annetts v Australian Stations (2002). Answer: Introduction In the case of Annetts v Australian Station (2002) 211 CLR 317 acts as a leading matter in the cases related to psychiatric injury, under the tort of negligence and the resultant injuries. In this case, the duty of care which the defendant owed towards the son of the plaintiff, which led to the death of the son, owing to the mental harm was evaluated by the court. The defendant was alleged to have breached his duty of care, which resulted in psychiatric injury to the plaintiff, which was deemed as the plaintiff being harmed. However, in this case, the claims of thee plaintiff were rejected by the court of law (Sappideen, 2009). In the following parts, the case from the perspective of defendant has been analyzed and the decision of the court, along with the rationale behind reaching this decision has been covered. But before initiating the discussion of the defendants arguments, the facts of the case have been highlighted. Facts of the Case The son of applicants, James Annetts, in August of 1986, left his family home in NSW and went to work for the defendant in Western Australia. He was of sixteen at that time (Quizlet, 2017). The mother of James had, before he left to work for the defendant, called him and asked him about the conditions on which James was supposed to work. She was told that James would be working at the Flora Valley and that he would be under constant supervision, that he would be well looked after and would be sharing room with other men (Federation Press, 2017). Even though the assurances were given, Lodger assigned James on October 13th 1986 to work alone as the Nicholson Stations caretaker, which was located hundred kilometers away from where he was promised to be working, i.e., Flora Valley, where he actually worked only for seven weeks. The defendant came to know of the disappearance of the respondent on December 03rd 1986 and he had reasons to suspect that he was in great danger of dying or getting injured. Until December 06th 1986, the plaintiff was not made aware about their son being missing. One of the NSW police officers called the father of James and informed him that James had ran away. Since the father collapsed hearing this news, the mother continued this conversation. After a lot of search for James, through a skeleton he was identified on April 29th 1987. Later on the parties came to know that James had died on December 04th 1986 due to dehydration, hypothermia and exhaustion in Gibson dessert (Federation Press, 2017). The pl aintiff blamed the negligence of defendant for the death of their son. Along with this, they also made a case for the psychiatric injury caused to them when they learned about the death of their son (Health Law Central, 2017). Defendants arguments First and foremost, the defendant would like to offer their condolences to the family for their grave loss. We would like to confirm that the applicant had indeed made certain inquires regarding the agents or servants under the ensuing arrangement, specially pertaining to her sons safety and we had assured the plaintiff that their son would be properly taken care of. However, the defendant would like to highlight that they had taken steps to locate James as soon as they doubted that he might be in danger. A claim has been made against the defendant for the negligence on their part. In order to show that the defendant was not negligent, the basics of negligence have to be revisited. To establish a case of negligence, certain elements are required to be present (Harvey and Marston, 2009). These include a duty of care, its contravention, resulting loss, foreseeability of loss, causation and losses not being too remote (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). The duty of care can be established with the help of the three fold test given in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 (E-Law Resources, 2017). In this case, the House of Lords stated that in order to establish a duty of care, there has to be a reasonable foreseeability in the risk of harm, there has to be proximity between the parties and the penalties imposed have to be such which can be deemed as reasonable, fair and just (Lunney and Oliphant, 2013). In this particular instance, the defendant would like to highlight that the duty of care was not owed by defendant to the plaintiff. This is because there is no direct link between the plaintiff and the defendant. The psychiatric injury was not something, which could have been foreseeable in a reasonable manner by the plaintiff. The psychiatric injury did not have a direct causation with the negligence or actions of defendant. Hence, the imposed penalties cannot be just. So a duty of care was not present towards the plaintiff (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100futher affirms this point. In this case, the manufacturer, due to the reasons of being the producer of the product had a duty of care towards the plaintiff and even the presence of dead snail made the losses foreseeable (Latimer, 2012). The defendant in the case of Annetts v Australian Station could never have known that news of the death of son could cause psychiatric injury to the plaintiff and the same was not foreseeable as no one could have predicted that James would die. Hence, a duty of care was not present in the given case. Another point which the defendant would like to raise is that there was negligence on part of the defendant themselves. This is evident from the fact that they sent their underage son to work with a stranger at a completely new place (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The defendant would also like to highlight the view taken by the judges in Wyong Shire Council v. Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 40. The judges had stated that in order to establish that the risk of harm was indeed foreseeable or not, the view or notions of a reasonable individual had to be considered (Jade, 2017). No one could have forecasted that James would wander off and eventually die. He was not supposed to leave the place where he was placed. And so, a reasonable person could not have forecasted the death of James. And the psychiatric injury was also not foreseeable on part of a reasonable individual, as the risk of such injury was not present (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The proximity of the relationship, along with the reasonable foreseeability was highlighted by Deane J in Jaensch v Coffey [1984] HCA 52. He stated that to acknowledge that an individual has the capability of predicting, the particular circumstances have to be contemplated. And along with this, the kind of relationship which attracts a lawful duty of acting with reasonable care for the others interest has to be evaluated. So, the foreseeability of harm, in addition to the nature of relationship between the two parties is to be taken as criteria of responsibility (Swarb, 2015). To consider the relationship, the type of work which has been delegated to the employee has to be considered. The defendant agrees that he owed a duty of care towards James, but his duty of care was for the work he was assigned. And if James decided to take off and go somewhere, where he eventually died, cannot be stated as being the breach of duty of care on part of the defendant. This is because the defendant could not have predicted that James would take off like that. The part regarding the psychiatric injury has no legal backing. Even though, in cases of negligence a claim for psychiatric injury can be made. But for that, the elements of negligence have to be satisfied. Here, the duty of care was not present towards the present. And there was no legal relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant. The duty of care which was owed by the defendant was only towards the deceased son of the plaintiff and that too which was reasonable on the basis of quoted cases (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The defendant would also like to show that a psychiatric injury has to be a sudden shock or has to be direct perception, or the immediate aftermath. In this case, the news of disappearance of their son was given to Mr. and Mrs. Annetts in a phased manner and the news of the death was conveyed over a period of time and at a distance. There was nothing immediate or shocking in it, instead it was agonizingly protracted. Starvation and exhaustion is not something which many have witnessed. And so, there has to be a difference in sudden shock which Annetts received, and what such parents received when they saw their son being run down by a motor car. Hence, the defendant would like to conclude that there is both a relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant and the foreseeability of such a loss (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). Decision of the Court In this case, the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Western Australia unanimously dismissed the appeal made by the plaintiff. The judgment, which is considered as a leading one in this regard, was delivered by Ipp J. In his views, before imposing a duty of care over the defendant for the nervous shock suffered by the plaintiff, the same has to be reasonably foreseeable. A normal fortitude was assumed on part of the plaintiff and the normal standards of susceptibility had to be exhibited in order for the plaintiff to develop the stated psychiatric illness. And secondly, a sudden sensory perception has to be resulted from the contravention of duty of care, in both temporal and physical manner on part of the plaintiff. And this had to be present for an event which was deemed as so distressful that the plaintiff would suffer from a psychiatric illness which was recognizable in nature (Allens, 2017). On the basis of these two points, the imposition of duty of care over the defendant in this case was rejected by the Court of Appeals. It was stated by the court that it could not be held as reasonably foreseeable with regards to the normal fortitude which may uphold a claim for such injury, on the basis of simple fact that the child of the plaintiff had died. An ordinary incident of life is loss of a child and a recognized psychiatric injury is a separate aspect and a different class of harm. There was also a failure on part of the plaintiff to show to the satisfaction of the court that there was a physical proximity between the plaintiff and the defendant in the sense of time and space. They believed that a duty of care was not present as the psychiatric injury occurred quite far from the place of accident and even after the accident had taken place. Hence, the plaintiff was required to appreciate that their son had die, without the fault of the defendant. And so, the appeal of the plaintiff was dismissed (Allens, 2017). References Allens. (2017) 2001 Annual Review Of Insurance Law - Duty Of Care, General Tortious And Trade Practices Act Liability. [Online] Allens. Available from: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/ari/2001/care.htm [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Tame v New South Wales [2002] HCA 35; 211 CLR 317; 191 ALR 449; 76 ALJR 1348 (5 September 2002). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/HCA/2002/35.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=Annetts%20v%20Australian%20Station [Accessed on: 19/05/17] E-Law Resources. (2017) Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 House of Lords. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.healthlawcentral.com/cases/tame-v-new-south-wales/ [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Federation Press. (2017) Tame v New South Wales Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd. [Online] Federation Press. Available from: https://www.federationpress.com.au/pdf/Tame%20v%20New%20South%20Wales.pdf [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Gibson, A., and Fraser, D. (2014) Business Law 2014. 8th ed. Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Harvey, B., and Marston, J. (2009) Cases and Commentary on Tort. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Health Law Central. (2017) Tame v New South Wales; Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Limited [2002] HCA 35. [Online] Health Law Central. Available from: https://www.healthlawcentral.com/cases/tame-v-new-south-wales/ [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Jade. (2017) Glendale Chemical Products Pty Ltd v Australian Competition Consumer Commission Anor [1998] FCA 1571; 90 FCR 40. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=116054 [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Lunney, M., and Oliphant, K. (2013) Tort Law: Text and Materials. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Quizlet. (2017) Torts B Lecture #1--Pure Psychiatric Harm. [Online] Quizlet. Available from: https://quizlet.com/45679268/torts-b-lecture-1-pure-psychiatric-harm-flash-cards/ [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Sappideen, C., at al. (2009) Torts, Commentary and Materials. 10th ed. Pyrmont: Lawbook Co, pp. 255-63. Swarb. (2015) Jaensch v Coffey; 20 Aug 1984. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/jaensch-v-coffey-20-aug-1984/ [Accessed on: 19/05/17]

Key Aspects for Service Marketing-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Service Industry. Answer: Service industry is one of the most promising and emerging industries in the current market scenario. Majority of the countries are having the most contribution of service industry in their gross domestic product compared to the manufacturing industry. However, due to the reason that service industry deals with the customers directly, thus they always have to maintain effective customer service to attract more customers (Jasmand, Blazevic and de Ruyter 2012). David Jones is one of the leading organizations catering to the consumer goods ranging from garments to food. David Jones food hall offers various food and beverages to the customers. They are having restaurants all over the Australian regions. This essay will discuss about the front stage and back stage operations of them in accordance to their flowchart (Mair and Hehenberger 2014). The managerial implications will also be discussed in this essay. Figure: 1. Front stage flowchart Figure: 2. backstage flowchart Service encounter is one of the key aspects for service marketing. Service encounter refers to the transfer of the service from the provider to the buyer. Majority of the issues related to the customer in providing service originated during the service encounter (Teixeira et al. 2012). In the case of David Jones food hall, the service encounters occurred when customers visit their restaurant. According to the front stage flow chart of them, determination of the customer queries and feedback helps them to identify the needs and requirement of the customers. Accordingly, the service pattern is being designed to enhance its effectiveness. Service encounter holds an important significance in providing the effective service to the customers due to the reason that it will help to create a positive first impression for the customers. If the market requirement can be effectively analyzed, then it will be easy for the organization to identify the expectation of the customers. It is eventually help them in providing the service accordingly. Thus, if the service can be effectively designed, the satisfaction level of the customers will get increased and enhanced (Jahanshani et al. 2014). It helps the organization in generating positive word of mouth. Moreover, there are various issues that should be effectively encountered by the organization. There are various and diversified requirements for the customers which should be met by the service provider (Wu and Wang 2012). In some cases, it becomes difficult for the organization in meeting the unrealistic demand of the customers. Thus, it is been shown in the front stage flowchart that effective customer relationship management and analysis of the feedback from the customers will help to deliver effective customer service and enhanced customer satisfaction. The more effective will be the customer feedback management, the more will be their service delivery and encounter. According to the backstage flowchart, raw materials are the key part for David Jones food hall. This is due to the reason that, the quality of the raw materials such as fish, meat and vegetables is the important determinant for the quality of the food being offered to the customers. In addition, the organizational input such as the type of cuisine they are offering and providing other complementary items is also important to deliver the top quality service to the customers. The next step will be implementing newer machinery and effective production process which will help to reduce the customer waiting period (Bon and Mustafa 2013). Thus, the less the customer has to wait, the more will be their level of satisfaction. Blending the quality raw materials along with having effective manufacturing process will further help to deliver the desired service to the customers. Thus, according to me, in having an effective service encounter, the front stage and the backstage of the organization should be equally effective. I believe that, the more quality will be maintained by the backstage department, the more will be the effectiveness of the service being delivered by the front stage employees. Upper level and middle level managers have important role to play in delivering the effective service to the customers (Bateman and Snell 2013). As earlier discussed, organizations operating in the service sector are solely dependent on the satisfaction level of the customers. The more effective will be the service delivery, the more will be the customer satisfaction which will help in generating more positive word of mouth. Thus, the key responsibility of the managers will be to enhance the productivity and the effectiveness of the employees. In this case, implementing various schemes regarding the employees welfare by the managers will help to increase the level of involvement and engagement of the employees in their workplace (Lamba and Choudhary 2013). Managers are also responsible for increasing the level of motivation of the employees. The more motivated will be the employees in their workplace, the more will be their effectiveness in delivering the service to the customers. According to me, in the case of the backstage employees of David Jones food hall, employees should be provided with quality raw materials and effective organizational inputs. The employees should be selected by the managers on the basis of the requirement in the organization. Afterwards they should be properly trained according to the requirement in the organization (Elnaga and Imran 2013). Maintaining the effective working environment in the organization is also important for enhancing the productivity of the backstage employees. Moreover, for the backstage employees, safety and health in the workplace also matters. Thus, it is the responsibility of the managers to ensure the safety and health for the employees. It will help in empowering them in delivering the desired output to the customers. In the case of front stage employees, proper training should be provided due to the reason that front stage employees are the ones who directly deals with the customers. Thus, the attitude and the personalities possessed by them are important in determining the customer satisfaction. The front stage employees should be given proper and effective training and skill development courses regarding the customers dealing. It will help the employees in effectively handling the customer issues and enhancing the customer experience for David Jones Food hall. Thus, it is the responsibilities of the managers to enhance the performance of the employees along with increasing the level of motivation and job satisfaction of the employees (Sarwar and Abugre 2013). The more motivated and engaged employees in the organization will help to provide effective customer service along with effective handing of the customer grievance. In addition, managers should also implement effective communication process in the organization in order to gather feedback from the employees. It will help to identify the issues related to the employees and can be rectified accordingly. Thus, it will further enhance the engagement level of the employees in their workplace. Hence, there are indirect implic ations of the manager are relevant in the providing the effective customer service. Having analyzed the backstage and front stage flowchart of the David Jones food hall, it can be concluded that proper and effective management of the front and backstage employees in the organization will help to provide effective customer service. According to me, it can be said that managers are also having an important role in maintaining and enhancing the productivity of the employees as well as the customer service being provided References Bateman, T.S. and Snell, S., 2013.Management: Leading collaborating in a competitive world. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Bon, A.T. and Mustafa, E.M., 2013. Impact of total quality management on innovation in service organizations: Literature review and new conceptual framework.Procedia Engineering,53, pp.516-529. Elnaga, A. and Imran, A., 2013. The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), pp.137-147. Jahanshani, A.A., Hajizadeh, G.M.A., Mirdhamadi, S.A., Nawaser, K. and Khaksar, S.M.S., 2014. Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Jasmand, C., Blazevic, V. and de Ruyter, K., 2012. Generating sales while providing service: A study of customer service representatives' ambidextrous behavior.Journal of Marketing,76(1), pp.20-37. Lamba, S. and Choudhary, N., 2013. Impact of HRM practices on organizational commitment of employees.International Journal of Advancements in Research Technology,2(4), pp.407-423. Mair, J. and Hehenberger, L., 2014. Front-stage and backstage convening: The transition from opposition to mutualistic coexistence in organizational philanthropy.Academy of Management Journal,57(4), pp.1174-1200. Sarwar, S. and Abugre, J., 2013. The influence of rewards and job satisfaction on employees in the service industry.The Business Management Review,3(2), p.22. Teixeira, J., Patrcio, L., Nunes, N.J., Nbrega, L., Fisk, R.P. and Constantine, L., 2012. Customer experience modeling: from customer experience to service design.Journal of Service Management,23(3), pp.362-376. Wu, M. and Wang, L., 2012. A continuous fuzzy Kanos model for customer requirements analysis in product development.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture,226(3), pp.535-546.